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Monopoly

Monopoly means a market where there is only one seller of a particular good or service.

Characteristics

  • Only one single seller in the market. There is no competition.
  • There are many buyers in the market.
  • The firm enjoys abnormal profits.
  • The seller controls the prices in that particular product or service and is the price maker.
  • Consumers don’t have perfect information.
  • There are barriers to entry. These barriers many be natural or artificial.
  • The product does not have close substitutes.

Advantages of monopoly

  • Monopoly avoids duplication and hence wastage of resources.
  • A monopoly enjoys economics of scale as it is the only supplier of product or service in the market. The benefits can be passed on to the consumers.
  • Due to the fact that monopolies make lot of profits, it can be used for research and development and to maintain their status as a monopoly.
  • Monopolies may use price discrimination which benefits the economically weaker sections of the society. For example, Indian railways provide discounts to students travelling through its network.
  • Monopolies can afford to invest in latest technology and machinery in order to be efficient and to avoid competition.

Disadvantages of monopoly

  • Poor level of service.
  • No consumer sovereignty.
  • Consumers may be charged high prices for low quality of goods and services.
  • Lack of competition may lead to low quality and out dated goods and services.

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